Menstrual Disorders: A Comprehensive Review

Menstrual disorders are the most common gynaecological issues encounter by women in their reproductive age and which can affect personal, familial and social life. The World Health Organization recently reported that 18 million women aged 18–23 years perceive their menstruation to be extreme.¹The first menstruation or menarche occurs at around 11 to 15 years of age with average of 13. Literature review from numerous studies indicates that starting from the third year after menarche, the interval between bleeding ranged from 21–34 days, with a blood flow lasting 3 to 7 days and a mean blood loss of 35 ml (range of 5–80 ml).²

The menstrual cycle is divided into two phase's namely follicular and luteal phase. The first one follicular phase approximately 14–21 days commences with onset of menstruation and ends on the day before the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge. The second luteal phase begins on the day of LH and ends at the onset of the next menstruation 14 days.³

There are many types of menstrual disorders examples are amenorrhea, abnormal uterine bleeding, dysmenorrhea, and premenstrual syndrome are particularly common in adolescent girls.^{4, 5, 6} This article aimed at enhance the understanding of the common menstrual disorders like abnormal uterine bleeding, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, and premenstrual syndrome prevalence, causes, diagnosis, and management.