Study of Parathyroid Hormone, Calcium and Phosphorus in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Non-Diabetic Control in Salahaddin General Hospital

Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by the presence of chronic hyperglycemia accompanied by greater or lesser impairment in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Both primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism are involved in abnormal glucose metabolism. Diabetic patients frequently develop electrolyte disorders and phosphorus is included.

To measure serum parathyroid hormone, calcium and phosphorus in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and compare them with non-diabetic control, and to see if there is any relationship with HbA1c and duration of diabetes mellitus in diabetic group.

This study is a descriptive case control study conducted in Consultancy Clinics of Salahaldin General hospital in Tikrit city. The duration of study was through the period from 1^st of January, 2018 to 28^th September, 2018. The study group enrolled (95) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the control group enrolled (95) apparently healthy volunteers. Data collected from study and control groups including blood samples to measure HbA1c, S. PTH, S. calcium and S. phosphorus.

The study and control groups was comparable in regard to gender, age and BMI without significant difference. The mean of HbA1c (8.18%), S. phosphorus (3.83 mg/dl) and S. PTH (49.08 pg/ml) in diabetic group was significantly more than that in control group (4.45%, 3.53 mg/dl, and 42.58 pg/ml respectively). While mean of S. calcium (7.97 mg/dl) in diabetic group was significantly less than that in control group (9.19 mg/dl). There were no significant difference in serum level of S.PTH, S. phosphorus and S. calcium in relation to duration of DM or the control of DM represented by HbA1c level in diabetic group. There was significant negative association between S. calcium and S. phosphorus in diabetic group. While there was weak negative association of PTH (but not significant) with HbA1c and weak positive association with duration of DM, while there was no significant association between serum phosphorus and calcium with HbA1c and duration of diabetes mellitus.

Diabetic group had significant higher level of serum PTH and phosphorus and significant lower level of serum calcium in comparison to non-diabetic group. In diabetic group, there was significant negative association between serum phosphorus and serum calcium, weak positive association between serum PTH and duration of diabetes mellitus and weak negative association between serum PTH and HbA1c.