Review on Inhibition of Osteoclastic Activity by Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA)

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a calcium silicate-based cement which has a unique property in remodelling the bone. It is commonly used as a repair material in endodontics and has various clinical applications. It can initiate the osteoblasts to cause bone formation and has been proved in various articles. MTA causes an increase in the production of interleukin(IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-6 and osteocalcin. IL-1α and IL-1 β interact with receptors on osteoblasts which in turn activate osteoclast. Osteocalcin is an abundant protein, present in the bone and acts as an indicator of bone matrix production. There are certain studies suggesting that MTA can inhibit osteoclastic activity. Osteoclasts which are multinucleated giant cells, differentiates from myeloid precursors via cytokines Macrophage colony stimulating factor (MCSF) and Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-β ligand-κB ligand (RANKL) supplied by osteoblasts and/or osteocytes. MCSF and RANKL are critical cytokines that contribute to the differentiation and function of osteoclasts. However, the underlying reason behind MTA showing inhibition of osteoclastic activity remains unclear. The purpose of the review is to present a comprehensive opinion of articles on action of MTA on osteoclasts.