1Assistant Biostatistician, Department of Gastroenterology, IMS and SUM hospital Siksha “O” Anusandhan Deemed to be University, K8, Kalinganagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
2Reader, Department of Oral Pathology, IDS and SUM hospital Siksha “O” Anusandhan Deemed to be University, K8, Kalinganagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
3Professor, Department of Gastroenterology IMS and SUM hospital; Siksha “O” Anusandhan Deemed to be University, K8, Kalinganagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
4Assistant Professor, Directorate of Medical Research; IMS and SUM hospital; Siksha “O” Anusandhan Deemed to be University, K8, Kalinganagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
*Corresponding Author: Dr. Mahesh Chandra Sahu, PhD. Assistant Professor, Directorate of Medical Research, IMS and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar
Online published on 2 February, 2019.
Candida albicans prevails to be the most common infection among all Candida infections. Due to indiscriminate, misuse and over use of antibiotics in case of fungal diseases, ICU patients, immunocompromised patients like AIDS, it reveals multidrug resistant (MDR) strains. Proper antibiograms study should be carried out for proper drug prescription.
In this study, we aimed to investigate the common isolates Candida albicans and their drug susceptibility test and identified the gene responsible for resistance to Fluconazole and Itraconazole antibiotic.
This study was executed with routine microscopic, identification of organisms and drug sensitivity of isolates from 103 oral swab samples for a period of three months at IDS and Institute of Medical Science and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Bacteria and fungus were identified with universal primer (16S rRNA). Bacteria having Fluconazole and Itraconazole resistant genes were identified using specific primers.
From 103 oral swab samples, 100 showed significant growth. Candida albicans was common isolate, followed by Candida glabrata, Candidatopicalis and Candida krusei, In case of bacteria, Pseudomonas was common. Bacteria were identified using 16S rRNA primer (8F, 1541R). Drug susceptibility pattern revelled highly resistant to Colistin and Azithromycin in case of Gram negative bacteria. However, amikacin was sensitive to all. In case of Gram positive cocci, penicillin and navobiomycin remained high resistance but chloramphenicol was the most sensitive. For fungal isolates Nystatin and fluconazole remained highly resistant while Miconazole and Itraconazole showed high sensitive. By using specific primers (ERG11, CDR1, MDR1, 18srRNA) for Fluconazole, and (ERG3, NERG3, ERG11) for Itraconazole resistant genes were identified in Candida albicans.
Empirical use of antibiotic should not be practiced while prescribing drugs. Proper identification and drug susceptibility pattern of organisms should be conducted before prescribing a drug. PCR method should be implemented for early detection of antibiotic resistance patterns.
Candidiasis, MDR, 16SrRNA, Fluconazole, Itraconazole and ERG11
