1Professor, Dept. of Orthodontics. Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University). Bhubaneswar. Odisha. India
2Assistant Professor, Dept. of Orthodontics. Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University). Bhubaneswar. Odisha. India
3Professor & HOD, Dept. of Orthodontics. Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University). Bhubaneswar. Odisha. India
4Associate Professor, Dept. of Orthodontics. Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University). Bhubaneswar. Odisha. India
5Associate Professor, Dept. of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry. Mamata Dental College. Khammam, Andhra Pradesh
6Post Graduate Student, Dept. of Orthodontics. Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University). Bhubaneswar. Odisha. India
*Corresponding Author: Dr. Snigdha Pattanaik Associate Professor, Dept. of Orthodontics Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha’O ’Anusandhan (Deemed to be University) Bhubaneswar-751003, Odisha. India Phone: +91-7749084222, Email: dr.snigdhapattanaik@gmail.com
Online published on 2 February, 2019.
The success of orthodontic treatment depends on the diagnosis of the the correct etiology of the malocclusion. Malocclusions occur due to an adverse interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Growth pattern and dentofacial morphology is genetically determined but it can be influenced to some extent by the environment. Advances in genetic sciences allowed the orthodontists to better understand the effects of genetics on the etiology of dentofacial characteristics and pathologies which in turn supported the effects of the genes in the development of dentofacial complex. Twin study is one of the most effective methods available for investigating genetically determined variables of malocculusion. Genetic influence on malocclusion is probably autosomal dominant with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity. Therefore orthodontists should consider the genetic basis of a skeletal anomaly during the diagnosis and treatment planning. This review article focuses on the basic genetics and the effect of genetic factors on various malocclusions.
Malocclusion, Maxilla, Mandible, Orthodontics, Pedigree
