A review: Worldwide medicinal plants for typhoid fever

Typhoid fever, an enteric disease caused by Salmonella typhi, plays an important role of global health matter, contributing to the economic encumbrance in most developed countries. Even more, antibiotic resistance has ensued in Salmonella entericainfection. These health problems have proposed a broad struggle towards more study for new source of antimicrobial products especially from medicinal plants due to more profitable. This study reviews medicinal plants related to the typhoid fever and their mechanisms of antimicrobial action. The investigation for this review were established via the databases PubMed, Google Scholar, online Science Direct, Science and Technology Index. Practically 26 medicinal plants from 23 families used for typhoid fever in worldwide countries were reported. Most of them are originated from African continent, Pakistan and India. Antisalmonella activity was mostly identified by in vitro (MIC and MBC). Generally, the chemical compounds contained in the plants are alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tannin, phenols, glycosides, steroid and terpenoid. Their mechanisms of actions are mediation of solute transport inhibition in membranes, affecting the phospholipid membranes of bacterial cell wall, inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis and inducing microbial cell membrane disruption. These results redound to the alternative and complementary medication of typhoid fever.