Prevalence and Risk Factors of Playing-related Musculoskeletal Disorders among String Instrument Players in Malaysia

Learning a string musical instrument often requires repetitive precise and fine movements and sometimes non-ergonomic position for long practice duration. Sufficient data on the underlying musculoskeletal dysfunctions however is scarce.

The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and risk factors of playing-related musculoskeletal disorders among string instrument players in Malaysia.

A cross sectional survey was conducted at four music academies gather data on demographic factors, practice habits, and presentation of the playing-related musculoskeletal symptoms. Hundred music academy students participated in the study.

The biomechanical risk factors that predict PRMD are mainly associated with the upper limbs. Sixty one participants (61%) reported one or more musculoskeletal complaints during the last twelve months. 88% of violin students, 58.33% of classical guitar students, 55.56% of acoustic guitar students, and 41.67% of electric guitar students reported symptoms. Among the 61 symptomatic participants, 70.49% complained of pain as their major symptom while 27.87% reported weakness and numbness. 21.31% of the participants reported lack of control, and 4.92% complained of tingling respectively.

The findings of this study highlight the need for more attention to the medical problems among musicians. Early treatment and proper safety measures should be taken to reduce the incidence of injuries among string players.