Effect of Lower Limb Strength Training on Functional Performance in Geriatric Population

Age related decline in strength of lower limbs may be an indicator of functional deficits and increase in fall risk. This study investigated the effect of lower limb strength training on functional performance in geriatric population. The purpose of the study was to determine whether the older adults comply and perform functionally better after a strength training program.

Study design- single group experimental study. (quasi experimental study)

Matoshree Vriddha Ashram old age home in pune.

Male and female above 65 year of age, and having difficulty in at least one functional task in SF – 36 questionnaires.

Purposive sampling was done. Following evaluation a functional based strength training program was performed in a group of 30 people who were supervised by physical therapist. Training subjects exercised 5 days in a week over 4 consecutive weeks. Changes in performance were noted by comparing pre and post exercise score of 1 RM and score of short physical performance battery.

Assessment tool- SF 36, 1 RM, and short physical performance battery

Statistical tool- paired “t” test.

Self paced lower limb strength training exercises, in sitting, standing, and walking. The collection of exercise was developed according to 3 criteria: (1) applicable without access to special exercise facilities, (2) adaptable for frail older people with different functional levels, (3) possibility of progression of the exercise in 2 ways- either to increase the difficulty in a specific exercise or to change to another, more challenging, exercises.

After applying t-test, statistically significant differences were found in the strength, balance, measured walk, and chair stands.

Strength (t=5.757, p<0.0001)

Balance (t=3.808, p<0.0007)

Measured walk (t=5.385, p<0.0001)

Chair stands (t=6.595, p<0.0001)

Total SPPB score (t=7.264, p<0.0001)

Our results suggest that strength training exercise program can produce benefits with regards to functional performance. The result also suggests that medium intensity functional weight bearing exercise program is applicable for use, among older people, living in residential care facilities.