Study on the molecular incidence of common respiratory bacterial pathogens of poultry in Rayalaseema regions of Andhra Pradesh

Several pathogens like viruses, bacteria and Mycoplasma can cause respiratory infections in poultry and the etiology of the respiratory disease is complex as multiple agents may be involved in the disease process. Among these pathogens Mycoplasma(MG, MS), Escherichia coli and Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale(ORT) are the common agents, can cause disease independently or act as contributory factors in the respiratory disease complex in the birds. Respiratory diseases are great threat to commercial chicken flocks resulting in huge economic losses. At present there is a need for accurate diagnosis of respiratory pathogens from mixed infections and is highly essential to reduce the significant economic losses to the poultry industry. Samples were collected from 18 suspected poultry farms that were located in Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh, including 107(oral swabs),107(tracheal swabs),22(infra orbital sinuses), (107) nasal swabs, 18(tracheal tissues), 24(lung tissues) and 6(larynx). In the present study, observed that the overall incidence of all three pathogens based on molecular diagnosis is 77.77% by O.rhinotracheale, 83.33% by genus Mycoplasma, 88.88% by E. coli and by the combination of pathogens 66.66% by all three pathogens, 5.55% by O.rhinotracheale + E. coli , 11.11% by E. coli +Mycoplasma and 11.11% by MG + MS. District wise incidence of the three pathogens were ORT was 60% in Tirupati , 100% in Kadapa, 66,6% in Annamayya and 87.5% in Chittoor. Incidence of genus Mycoplasma is 80% in Tirupati, 100% in Kadapa, 66.6% in Annamayya and 87.5 % in Chittoor. Incidence of MG was 40% in Tirupati. Incidence of MS was 80% in Tirupati, 100% in Kadapa, 66.6% in Annammayya and 87.5 % in Chittoor and Incidence of E. coli was 100% in Tirupati,Kadapa and Annamayya and 75% in Chittoor. ORT identified in 14 farms with an incidence of 77.77%. 107 samples from each farm includes oral swabs 52(48.6%), tracheal swabs, 58(54.2%) and nasal swabs 56 (52.3%), from infraorbital sinus exudates out of 22, 6(27.2%), out of 18 tracheal tissues 4(22.2%) were positive, lung tissues out of 24 samples, larynx out of 6 none of them were positive. 15 farms were diagnosed for Mycoplasma with an incidence of 83.33%. Among 107 samples from each farm includes, oral swabs 45(42.05%), tracheal swabs 63(58.87%) and nasal swabs 65(60.74%) were positive, out of 22 infraorbital sinus exudates 8(40.9%) were found positive and 18 tracheal tissue samples 6 (33.3%) were positive but from lung tissues out of 24 and larynx tissues out of 6 none of them positive. 16 farms were diagnosed for E. coli with an incidence of 88.88%. Among 107 samples each of oral swabs 75(70%), tracheal swabs 78(72.8%), nasal swabs75(70%) are positive, out of 22 infraorbital sinus exudates 10(45.4%) and from out of 18 tracheal tissues, larynx tissues out of 6, lung tissues out of 24 samples none of them were positive.