Cells involved in wear-mediated osteolysis

Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is extensively used to manufacture orthopedic total implant components. Wear debris of this polymer released at the periimplant region is responsible for osteolysis and implant failure. Cells around the implant where the metallic and polymeric components articulate, respond to these non-biodegradable particles (primarily UHMWPE) and release chemical mediators that eventually lead to aseptic loosening of the implant. In this short review we discuss the various cell lineages that respond to and are involved in the wear-mediated osteolytic process.