Approaches of oncogenomics and bioinformatics in OSCC and HNSCC detection of novel genetic alterations

Cancer, a genetic disease which is caused due to genetic mutation like point mutations in genome. Genome is the total count of chromosome. Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the 2^nd while Head and neck cancer is the 6^th death causing disease worldwide. The arrival of new genomic era provides a valuable sources of knowledge to investigate new technologies for cancer detection and treatment. Oncogenomics is the sub-branch of genomics. Onco-genomics is also known as cancer genomics. Oncogenomics applies high throughput technologies to characterize cancer associated genes and to identify new oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, which may provide new insights for cancer diagnosis, predicting clinical outcome of cancers and new targets for cancer therapies. It includes the study of genomes and their associated interactions in cancer cells by genomic technologies and investigate its potential to revolutionize clinical practice, including cancer diagnosis. Over the past decade, the development of new genomic technology has revolutionized the modern biological research and drug discovery. In this review article, we provide an overview of the current and emerging tools involved in genomic studies, including expression arrays, microRNA arrays, array CGH, ChIP-on-chip, methylation arrays, mutation analysis, genome-wide association studies, proteomic analysis, integrated functional genomics analysis and related bioinformatic and biostatistical analyses. This genetic paradigm now motivates intensive efforts in cancer gene discovery and validation. High-resolution genome scanning technologies, such as array based comparative genome hybridization (array-CGH), have uncovered highly re-arranged human cancer genomes harboring strikingly large numbers of recurrent copy number alterations (CNAs). Oncoproteomics, application of proteomic technologies in oncology and parallels the related field of oncogenomics. With a wealth of information that can be applied to a broad spectrum of biomarker research projects serves as a reference for biomarker researchers, scientists working in proteomics and bioinformatics, oncologists, pharmaceutical scientists, biochemists, biologists, and chemists