International Journal of Research in Social Sciences

Water is an essential and vital component for the survival of every existed thing on Earth. Billions of years ago its birth took place in the form of vapour with the formation of Earth's atmosphere. Eventually with time due to appropriate conditions it becomes the part of varied processes such as evaporation, condensation, precipitation, deposition, runoff, infiltration, sublimation, transpiration, melting and groundwater flow etc and thus, able to established its identity as hydrosphere. Main component element of hydrosphere i.e. water journeyed through atmosphere, biosphere and lithosphere, and achieved its existence with 71% earth coverage and made our earth to earn its nomenclature ‘Blue Planet’. Here, directly or indirectly it played a role of life savior agent for biospheric elements including human. Transformation of this molecular H20 to water resource can be understood through its vital importance for human existence, this can be estimated from the locational attribute of early civilizations. Historical facts revealed that ancient human footprints found near or at the source of water in the form of river valley civilizations such as Mesopotamia originated between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in the Middle East; Egypt near the river Nile; Indus along the river Indus and Shang along the Huang or Yellow river in China. With passage of time progress of human civilization happened in the form of development activities. For making the developmental processes smoothen human beings started disintegrating and coalescence of natural landscape into the administrative hierarchies. These administrative jurisdictions are inhabited by numerically progressive human growth and adversely affected by the ever increasing related demands. For fulfilling these requirements, human started doing Re ‘Source’ generation through modification, improvement and development of new avenues through damming and channelizing of river water. That gave birth to water conflicts. Water conflicts are directly related with the water resource exploitation procedures and prevailing political and socio-cultural conditions. Journey of chemically configured H2O to indispensable water resource was pure, until it enters in the Human Sphere, here it encounters with political, socio-cultural and economic sub-spheres, where human as a responsible being of this planet acts as a deteriorator agent for water.

Thus, water is not limited in its chemical bonding, its flowing passage in natural entity worked as a binding thread for culmination of civilizations on one side and on other side its movement in human entity made it to acts as a divergent agent. Here it becomes the soul cause of disputes between the countries, states, villages and local users over the issue of share distribution. These disputes can only be sort out with adaptation of sustainability in water utilization. So, multifaceted characteristics of water helped in the expansion of its horizons and made it to rightly entitle as ‘precious gift of nature’ to earth's creature.