Optimization of extraction of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) extract

The objective of the present work is to identify an appropriate extraction method for bitter gourd with maximum retention of active components in the bitter gourd extract. The crushed bitter gourd extract, the homogenized crushed bitter gourd extract (homogenate), obtained by High pressure homogenizer at 300 psi and filtrate obtained by cloth filtration are compared by studying the phyto-chemical screening and colour value. The particle size distribution is also determined for crushed bitter gourd extract and homogenate samples. The results shown that homogenate sample has reduced particle size, more active agents and increased colour value. This is because most of solid components get retained in cloth filter but in homogenate, particle size of the solid components is reduced by cell disruption caused by high pressure thereby forming micro sized bitter gourd extract, so the homogenized bitter gourd extract can be used for preparing bitter gourd juice and powder by spray drying or freeze drying which provides enhanced shelf life and also maintaining the nutritive value and medicinal properties.