Exploring the value chain of small ruminants: A review

This review explores how we can turn that vision into reality by improving the value chain of sheep and goats. Small ruminants are vital sources of live animals, meat, wool, milk, skin and manure. In India, these animals produce approximately 2.44 million tonne of meat, 33.61 million kg wool and 7.60 million tonne of milk annually. Despite these significant contributions, farmers face financial instability due to elusive credit, inadequate subsidies and limited insurance support. Value chain analysis investigates the nature and sources of added value in a supply chain, focusing specifically on the determinants of value inside a manufacturing process rather than merely assessing the outputs. Current value chains for small ruminant products are characterized by chaotic marketing, inadequate slaughtering facilities and a low carcass yield of Indian breeds. Processing constraints include high feed costs and inefficient supply chains, which hinder the potential for value addition and quality improvement. The distribution of small ruminant products is plagued by logistical challenges and theft. Unorganized markets and the absence of cold chain facilities lead to significant post-harvest losses in meat (10 to 12%) and milk (up to 15%). To ensure better returns for producers and quality products for consumers, there is need for integrated supply chain management and improved infrastructure. To enhance the quality and safety of small ruminant products, modern e-marketing platforms and quality assurance mechanisms are essential. The recent boom in e-commerce provides opportunities to streamline distribution channels and ensure traceability. Promoting farmer producer organizations (FPOs), implementing better slaughterhouse practices and leveraging digital platforms can improve consumer trust and access to high-quality products at reasonable prices. An in-depth understanding of the current value chain for small ruminants in India highlights the need for strategic improvements. By addressing the key constraints in production, processing, distribution and consumption, sustainable returns for producers and quality produce for consumers can be ensured. This review also provides insights and actionable strategies to enhance the small ruminant value chain, fostering prosperity in rural communities.