In the present paper we studied the results on interplanetary causes of super geomagnetic storms (Dst ≤−200 nT), that occurred during solar cycle 23 and 24 (1996–2015). It was reported that the most common interplanetary structures leading to the development of intense storms were: magnetic clouds, sheath fields, sheath fields followed by a magnetic cloud and corotating interaction regions at the leading fronts of high speed streams. However, the relative importance of each of those driving structures has been shown to vary with the solar cycle phase. Super great storms (Dst ≤−300 nT) have been also studied in more detail for solar cycle 23, confirming initial studies done about their main interplanetary causes. The storms are associated with magnetic clouds and sheath fields following interplanetary shocks, although they frequently involve consecutive and complex ICME structures.
Super geomagnetic storms, Super great geomagnetic and Geomagnetic activity
