Design consideration and issues in wireless sensor network deployment

Wireless Sensor Network (W SN) is a challenging area and key technology consisting of multiple numbers of Sensor Nodes (SN) deployed in the network for data gathering tasks. The SN provides wireless interfaces through which they communicate with each other and form a network. The important application area of WSN is military, natural disaster, health care monitoring, agriculture, air pollution control and fire detection in forest, etc. The limited SN energy is an important issue in the W SN therefore an efficient utilization of energy during transmis sion of data to the Base Station (BS). The coverage and connectivity are an important issue in the WSN. To avoid coverage and connectivity issues the ROI (Region of Interest) is entirely covered and supervised by at least one sensor node in the WSN. This paper highlights the different components of the sensor network and its characteristics. The paper also describes the types of coverage and the different types of WSN. Finally, the paper is concluded with some important issues and challenges in the WSN.