ijvp

Indian Journal of Veterinary Pathology

0250-47580973-970X

Indian Association of Veterinary Pathologists

ijvp-31-1-abs008

ABSTRACTS OF DISSERTATIONS OR ARTICLES

Gentamicin induced acute toxicity in Swiss albino rats

Banerjee

Prasun

¹Mukhopadhayay

S.K.

Dr.¹

¹Degree/year: MVSc/2005 University: West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 68, K.B. Sarani, Kolkatta-700 037

162007

3118585

2007

IndianJournals.com

Gentamicin due to its relatively narrow margin of safety, often results in side effects including nephrotoxicosis. Nephro-toxicity accounts for 10 to 15% of all cases of acute renal failure in animals and human beings. The present study was planned with objectives to generate information on determination of intramuscular LD₅₀ of Gentamicin in laboratory animals (rats) and its clinical symptoms, gross and histopathological changes. Histopathological changes were studied in kidneys and liver. For the experiment, 300 Swiss albino rats were brought and acclimatized for a period of 15 days, maintaining at ambient temperature, humidity, sufficient drinking water and feed ad libitum. Firstly, rats were taken in six groups, each of which consisting of 16 rats. Gentamicin sulphate solution was administered intramuscularly to the rats of all groups at the dose rate of 0.1 mg, 1mg, 10 mg, 100 mg, 1 g and 10 g of Gentamicin sulphate per kg body weight, respectively. After 24 hr, it was observed that the mortality percentage in 4^th group was close to 50%. Again rats were grouped into 6 categories, each having 30 rats. In that case, Gentamicin sulphate solution was given intramuscularly to the rats of all groups at the dose rate of 40 mg, 60 mg, 80 mg, 100 mg, 120 mg and 140 mg of Gentamicin sulphate per kg body weight, respectively (the dose rate of 4^th group of both the previous and present tests being the same). After 24 hr, mortality percentages in the 6^th groups were found to be nil, 13.33%, 20%, 53.33%, 86.67% and 100%, respectively. From this data the intramuscular LD₅₀ of Gentamicin sulphate in Swiss albino rats were calculated as 93.75 mg kg⁻¹ body weight. Microscopically, the central veins in different slides of liver were congested. One of the most common features was the fatty changes observed in the hepatocytes. A very few slides of liver revealed the presence of mixed thrombi in the central veins. Hepatocytes were undergone coagulative necrosis in such a way that the they were disorganized and could not be separated. Inflammatory cells and necrosed epithelium were present in renal cortex. Haemorrhages in between the renal tubules were present. Few kidney slides revealed a large wallless structures, which was due to the rupture of wall of multiple glomeruli. Apoptosis (cell death) and renal tubular dilatation was very common feature. Coagulative necrosis was found in renal cortex in appreciable amount.