Role of ultrasound guided biopsy and ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of hepatic affections in dogs

The clinical study was conducted on 24 clinical cases of dogs for various liver disorders by ultrasound guided biopsy (USGB) in 8 cases and ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (USG-FNAB) in 16 cases. In case of hepatosis, ultrasonographically the liver was hypoechoic with multiple hyperechoic areas. The cytological findings ranged from mild to severe fatty change, degeneration and necrosis of the hepatocytes and histopathological findings ranged from moderate to marked degenerative changes in hepatocytes, sinusoidal congestion and atrophy of hepatocytes. In case of hepatitis, ultrasonographically the hepatic parenchyma was hyperechoic in general. The cytological findings ranged from marked degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes, mild to moderate fatty changes along with neutrophilic infiltration and histopathological findings ranged from multifocal chronic hepatitis, chronic cholangiohepatitis along with fibrosis and mild mononuclear cell infiltration. Insignificant (non-diagnostic) cytological/histopathological findings were seen in three cases. Ultrasonography helped characterization of liver parenchyma for change in size and echotexture. Hepatitis and hepatosis were the conditions which were diagnosed with USGB and USG-FNAB in dogs.