Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar, Gujarat, India
*Address for Correspondence V. Joshi, Retired Dean & Principal, Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar, Gujarat, India, E-mail: drdvjoshi@rediffmail.com
Online Published on 17 September, 2024.
In the present review, the development of mammary gland in dogs, along with its anatomy and histology followed by epidemiology and risk factors of canine mammary tumors is discussed. Next section of this review is comprised of various molecular mechanisms of canine mammary tumors development by discussing various genes and proteins involved in sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, activating invasion and metastasis, reprogramming of energy metabolism, tumor promoting inflammation, and evading immune destruction. The last section covered classification, grading, and prognosis of canine mammary tumors.
Canine tumors, Development of mammary gland, Receptors, Signaling
