Clinicopathological and histopathological studies on canine traumatic uroabdomen

Uroabdomen is a critical condition resulting from leakage of urine into the peritoneal cavity, leading to hematological, biochemical, cytological and histopathological alterations. The present report describes a rare case of uroabdomen associated with traumatic herniation of the urinary bladder through the rectum in a three-month old male non-descript dog presented to Department of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Tirupati. Clinical examination revealed moderate abdominal distension, pallor of visible mucous membranes and a fluid-filled sac protruding through the rectal opening. Hematological evaluation showed severe anemia and neutrophilic leucocytosis with the left shift. Peritoneal fluid analysis revealed high total nucleated cell count (TNCC) with reactive mesothelial cells along with inflammatory cells. Biochemical analysis of peritoneal fluid revealed very high creatinine concentration compared to that in serum. Histopathological examination of the peritoneum revealed reactive changes characterized by vascular congestion, hemorrhage and marked neutrophilic infiltration. This case highlights the diagnostic significance and correlation of imaging with hematology, peritoneal fluid cytology, biochemical analysis, histopathology for definitive confirmation of uroabdomen.