Classification, haematobiochemical profile, histopathological evaluation and different treatments for yoke gall

The present study was conducted in 57 clinical cases of yoke gall that were used for classification and evaluation of 8 different treatments. The yoke galls were classified as 6 major types viz., acute, sub acute, chronic fibrosed, chronic suppurative (abscess), chronic ulcerative and mixed (miscellaneous). In group I, diclofenac sodium injection and topical application of khand malam No. 1 (7.5% lime juice, 25% turmeric powder, petroleum jelly and pure ghee base) was done. In group II, dicofenac sodium injection and topical application of khand malam No. 1 and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was done. In group III, only topical application of DMSO was given. In group IV, intravenous dimethyl sulfoxide 1 g/kg b.wt as 10% solution was given. In group V, dexamethasone injection was given directly into the swelling, and in group VI, herbal treatment using Triumfetta rotundifolia and Dregia volubilis was done. In group VII, surgical drainage of acute yoke gall by stab incision was carried out and in group VIII, surgical excision was done in nine bullocks with chronic yoke gall. Routine anti-inflammatory agents such as diclofenac sodium or topical ointments were not totally effective for acute yoke gall and they were least effective for sub acute and chronic yoke gall. Intravenous injection of dimethyl sulfoxide or local injection of dexamethasone provided complete improvement in large, acute yoke galls. Surgical drainage by stab incision was better for the treatment of large and extensive acute yoke gall than medical treatment alone; and surgical excision was the best and 100% effective for chronic fibrosed, chronic ulcerative and chronic supparative types of yoke galls.