Extracting Water Feature and Change Detection of Part of Mahanadi Delta Region in Odisha Using NDVI and NDWI from Landsat Images

Flood disaster is the most destructive natural disaster according to the report of Disaster Management of India. The delta region of lower Mahanadi basin is one of the most vulnerable regions for flood disaster according to the Flood map of India. This paper studies the extraction of water feature and change detection assessment of delta region formed between Nuna and Chitrotpala River of Lower Mahanadi Basin in Odisha using Landsat ETM+ images of year 2002 and 2008. The NDVI and NDWI data sets are calculated using standard equations. By reversing the equations the water feature can be enhanced and vegetation suppressed. The inundated area can be extract by overlapping of LULC with the NDWI. The change detection is done by the comparison between 2002 and 2008 Landsat images using NDVI differencing. The delta region is highly flood prone area; therefore most of the agriculture land becomes inundated during flood. The NDWI gives high-quality results for water extraction. The change detection is high along river path and little in distant areas.