A Review on Routing and Clustering Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have found applications in different fields. The focus on them has increased manifold with the advent of the Internet of Things paradigm. One of the fundamental requirements of WSNs is a high network lifetime. Different clustering and routing protocols have been designed which envisage to increase the network lifetime. The major challenge in accomplishing the same is reducing the average energy consumption of every node and avoiding dead nodes. Hence, it becomes mandatory to know the nuances of WSNs and different routing protocols associated with them before proceeding to designing one's own algorithm. This paper presents a comprehensive review on various routing protocols for different architectures of WSNs.