Uterine Torsion in Bovines - A Review

Obstetrical problems adversely affect the reproductive efficiency of bovines. Uterine torsion, the rotation of uterus on its longitudinal axis is observed frequently in dairy cattle and buffaloes confined for long periods mostly during parturition and less commonly during gestation. Both maternal and fetal causes are attributed to the etiology of uterine torsion. The entire length of pregnant uterine horn rotates on its longitudinal axis to the left (anti-clockwise) or right side (clockwise) along with uterine body, cervix and cranial vagina mostly. In severe cases of uterine torsion, there is vascular compromise to fetus resulting in death of fetus in utero. Since uterine torsion frequently occurs during parturition, there is twisting of birth canal so delivery of fetus cannot occur without external aids. Uterine torsion is a diagnostic dilemma for Veterinarians and a difficult obstetric procedure for less experienced persons. Prognosis and future fertility of dam depends on severity and duration of uterine torsion and methods of handling.