Application of Ultrasonography in Field Conditions for Improving Reproduction in Bovines

Incorporation of ultrasonography technique in routine veterinary practice ensures minimizing inter calving period by assured diagnosis of early pregnancy and non-pregnancy. Ultrasonography for diagnosing early pregnancies can play a major role in reducing on farm costs. Trans-rectal ultrasonography for pregnancy diagnosis offers advantages over rectal palpation, progesterone assay and laboratory tests. It eases determination of embryo/fetus viability, determination of number of embryos, reduction of misdiagnosis and ageing where exact date of service is unknown. With the help of ultrasound technology, it is possible to view the entire reproductive system in a non-invasive manner. Ultrasonography assists in differentiating pathological conditions such as fetal mummification, maceration, mucometra, pyometra, follicular cyst, luteal cyst, hydroallantois and hydroamnion according to their physio-pathology. Ultrasonography is the preferred diagnostic imaging modality of 21^st century in clinical and research field in animal reproduction.