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Production diseases have become an emerging problem in high producing dairy animals. These diseases occur due to imbalance between rate of input of nutrient and output in form of production, ultimately resulting in failure of homeostasis. Various factors responsible for increasing incidence of these diseases includes out put and input problems. Out put problems include high production level of animal coupled with weak metabolism near calving. Various input problems responsible are intensification of agriculture and animal farming system like heavy use of fertilizers and soil improvement measures causing deficiency of major or trace elements, and dietary input problems like injudicious use of carbohydrate or protein ration and providing diets leading to energy distress after calving. These metabolic/production diseases also predisposes the animals to other periparturient diseases like retained placenta, abomasum displacement and mastitis.
