Expression and characterization of global consensus nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of four dengue virus serotypes in Escherichia coli

In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, a sudden surge in dengue cases was observed globally, compounding public health challenges. Dengue viruses, already a major public health concern, have seen intensified transmission, necessitating improved epidemiological surveillance and targeted interventions. Epidemiological surveys, particularly seroepidemiological surveys, are instrumental in elucidating serotype prevalence and informing vaccination programs. However, the highly variable dengue viruses often hamper the development of universally effective diagnostic tools. To overcome this obstacle in Vietnam, we have designed and developed an effective production system for the global consensus nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) antigens for all four serotypes through an Escherichia coli expression system. These global consensuses NS1 antigens were purified to near homogeneity and their identities confirmed by mass spectrometry. Exhibiting robust reactivity with dengue-infected patient sera in the Western blot assay, the antigens revealed serotype-specific reactivity profiles, proving their diagnostic potential. Our production method, characterized by a relatively high yield and a straightforward purification protocol, offers a scalable solution for the creation of dengue serotype diagnostic assays in the backdrop of evolving dengue global epidemics.