Development and evaluation of stem cells laden bioscaffold using buffalo rib periosteum

The present research work was done to evaluate and compare decellularized periosteum and decellularized periosteum seeded with rabbit amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rAM-MSCs) (recellularized periosteum) to prepare it as ready to use bio-scaffold. Periosteum was harvested from buffalo ribs procured from local slaughterhouses. Decellularization of the periosteum was done by the chemical method using 2% triton X-100 & 1% SDS detergents. After decellularization of the periosteum, it was evaluated for the absence of any periosteal cells and integrity of the extracellular matrix of the periosteum with hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. After confirming successful decellularization, 1×10⁶ cells/cm² rAM-MSCs were seeded over decellularized periosteum. After successful recellularization, it was evaluated for the attachment of seeded rAM-MSCs over the surface of decellularized periosteum and confirmed by using H & E staining, and SEM, respectively. Decellularized periosteum provided a compatible and supportive extracellular matrix for attachment of rAM-MSCs and can be used as a bioscaffold. Recellularized periosteum can deliver rAM-MSCs for various clinical purposes like fracture healing and bone regeneration in critical-sized bone defects. Also, decellularized periosteum proved to be a better scaffold for rAM-MSCs growth and attachment. Thus, decellularized periosteum after stem cell recellularization proves to be a good bioscaffold for therapeutic application in veterinary clinical practices.

• Stem cell laden bioscaffold was prepared from buffalo rib periosteum.

• Rabbit amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rAM-MSCs) model was used to evaluate.

• Developed bioscaffold could be used in veterinary regenerative medicine.