Antioxidant signalling pathways in augmenting reproductive health and production of dairy cows

Oxidative stress (OS) occurs as the equilibrium shifts toward an excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A disproportion between free radical species or prooxidants and body’s capacity to scavenge them causes OS. ROS and antioxidants sojourn a state of equilibrium in the body. ROS are vital indicator molecules in physiological, functional and pathological processes of the female reproductive tract. ROS have an outcome on various physiological and reproductive processes, including oocyte maturation, fertilisation, embryo formation, and pregnancy. The age-linked decrease in fertility is impacted by OS. Antioxidants can shield the ovarian epithelium from oxidative impairment and DNA loss. The pathophysiology of endometriosis, preeclampsia, unexplained infertility, abortions, free radical-induced birth defects are linked to the OS in female reproduction. The aetiology of female reproductive disorders shows composite interaction between OS and cytokines. The amount of OS biomarkers helps in detecting disorders in female reproduction. This review discusses the OS-associated female infertility, OS management and early action for the avoidance of reproductive disorders and the antioxidant interventions that can be prescribed as add-on to correct the female reproductive disorders.

⓿ Oxidative stress is caused by weakened antioxidant defence mechanism with the generation of free radicals.

⓿ Antioxidant like Vitamin A, C and E, carotenoids, and selenium can assist in the prevention and treatment of female reproductive disorders.