Digit entrapment and edema in a rose ring parakeet due to a toe ring and it’s management

Toe and leg ringing using metallic or non-metallic materials is widely practiced by bird conservationists for identification purposes. However, its use by aviculturists on captive birds, such as parakeets, is illegal under the Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. Materials commonly used include non-metallic PVC and PMMA, and metallic aluminum—either soft or hard anodized. Improper ring material or size can lead to irritation, scratching, and self-inflicted trauma in birds. Additionally, as birds grow, ill-fitted rings may cause entrapment injuries and infection. This case highlights such complications observed in a rose-ringed parakeet (Psittacula krameri). A 7-year-old rose-ringed parakeet weighing 120 grams was presented to the Referral Veterinary Polyclinic (RVP), IVRI, Bareilly, with a history of continuous gnawing at its right digit. Clinical examination revealed an edematous swelling and wound at the third phalanx of the second digit, caused by an identification ring placed on the second phalanx. Litter material was found trapped beneath the ring. The bird’s body temperature (105°F) was within normal limits, but the heart rate was elevated at 320 bpm. Preoperative medication included intramuscular ampicillin (50 mg/kg) and meloxicam (0.5 mg/kg). Sedation was achieved using midazolam (0.5 mg/kg), followed by ketamine (50 mg/kg) for anesthesia. The affected area was cleaned with 2% chlorhexidine and 0.5% povidone-iodine. A 2–4 mm bone cutter was used to remove the ring after safeguarding soft tissues with a plastic guard. Postoperative care included continued antibiotics and analgesics, antiseptic wound dressing, and light bandaging. This case emphasizes the risk of constriction injuries due to improper ring application and highlights the need for appropriate materials and sizing. It underscores the importance of enforcing wildlife protection laws and reporting such cases to relevant authorities to prevent illegal captivity and safeguard avian welfare.