Seroprevalence of Foot-and-Mouth Disease among Sheep and Goat Population across Ten Agro-climatic Zones of Odisha

The aim of this study was to carry out sero-epidemiological study through detecting both nonstructural protein (NSP) and structural protein (SP)-antibodies (Abs) of FMD virus (FMDV) in small ruminant population across ten agro-climatic zones of Odisha. A total of 506 serum samples from 217 sheep and 289 goats were collected randomly covering all the ten agroclimatic zones of the state. The samples were subjected to 3AB NSP ELISA for detection of NSP-Abs and liquid phase blocking (LPB) ELISA to check the protective antibody status (log₁₀ titre of ≥1.8) against all three serotypes in the trivalent vaccine. A total 49.31% sheep and 20.76% goats were found to be positive for presence of NSP-Ab. The agro-climatic zone-wise prevalence of NSP-Ab with respect to sheep varied between 17.65% and 100%, while in goats it varied between 4.76% and 50%. In LPB ELISA, 2.08% goats and 4.14% sheep were found to have protective antibody against all three vaccine strains of serotypes O, A and Asia-1, which indicates poor herd immunity in these species. Hence these species should be regularly vaccinated along with large ruminants for effective control of the disease in the country.