Biochemical and Oxidative Alterations Induced by Acute Amikacin Toxicity in Albino Wistar Rats

Aminoglycoside antibiotics have long been used in antibacterial therapy. Despite their beneficial effects, aminoglycosides have considerable nephrotoxic and ototoxic side effects. So, present study was done to evaluate biochemical and oxidative changes in amikacin induced nephrotoxicity in experimental rats. A total of 24 rats were equally divided into four groups which were: Gr 1 injected with saline, Gr 2 injected with AK @ 50 mg/kg bw, Gr 3 injected with AK @ 100mg/kg bw and Gr 4 injected with AK @ 200mg/kg bw, respectively. Blood sampling was done on three days 0, 5^th and 10^th day of experiment. Blood samples were evaluated for BUN, creatinine and uric acid. Blood glutathione and MDA as an antioxidant biomarker was evaluated on 10^th day of experiment. The plasma BUN, creatinine and uric acid levels increased significantly in all the groups in a dose and time dependent manner. Amikacin also increased MDA and decreased GSH levels in a dose dependent manner in all the groups compared to control group. It was concluded that amikacin induces the nephrotoxicity characterised by elevated levels of BUN, creatinine and uric acid and oxidative stress through elevating levels of MDA and decreasing levels of GSH.