The dairy activity in India has emerged as a dynamic instrument in uplifting the socio-economic status of the rural people through the provision of employment and income generating opportunities. The dairy activity is an integral part of being an adjunct to agriculture and efforts are being made to promote dairying as an industry through co-operative and private enterprises. Most of the dairy plants especially those in the private sector mainly depend on contractors operating or commercial scale for the supply of raw milk. Quality of raw milk purchased through this source is sometimes extremely poor and not at all suitable for manufacturing milk products of desirable quality standards. This research is related comparison between cooperative dairies and private dairies in Pune district for various aspects.A total of 110 dairies have been selected for the purpose of study including 100 co-operative and 10 private dairies from of Haveli, Khed, Ambegaon and Junnar talukas in the Pune district for the period of 10 years i.e. from 1991 to 2000. For the purpose of collection of data questionnaires and schedules has been prepared for private and co-operative dairies. Field visit with co-operative and private dairies were also organised to observe the real position of the dairies. Interviews of dairymen, managers of private dairies, chairman and secretaries of co-operative dairies were also conducted for the purpose of data collection.The salient characteristics of marketing of milk and milk products by the private and co-operative dairies was found as inadequate milk supply, low commission to distributors/agents, regulated pricing, long product line, weak promotion and no marketing facilities to agents in co-operative dairies, whereas supply at one point but retailing all through the day, higher commission to distributors, open pricing, short product line, retain advertising and provides infrastructure credit to retailers in case of private dairies.It has been observed during the study that the private brand milk is available to the consumers throughout the day while the milk supplied by the co-operative dairies falls short in the morning itself. The private dairies supply milk at one time only in morning but in adequate quantity enabling the retailer to store for the entire day. The pricing of milk by the private dairies is followed on an open pricing basis and is sold by the retailer as per his own discretion according to the time and place. Higher charges in the odd hours are collected by the retailers on account of service charges towards refrigeration and handling. The survey of retailers showed that they prefer to sell the liquid milk supplied by the private dairies for the following reasons: guaranteed supply of milk, not cut in the supply of indented quantity, one day credit facility, low deposit amount, high margin as compared to co-operative dairies, low transit loss and good quality of crates, higher consumer demand and brand imageIt was also found the poly packs of milk are more attractive in private dairies containing all the information except the price. The private dairies also provide point of purchase publicity material to the retailer as a tool for promoting their/product. The co-operative dairy lacks in all these marketing approaches followed by the private dairies as given above and thus operates only on its long established brand image and loyalty. The private dairies concentrated on production and marketing of ghee as one of the principal milk products within and outside the state.During the period of field study it was also observed the basic difference between the co-operative dairies and the private dairies which is as under : <list list-type="order"><list-item>In co-operative dairy only milk collection activity is carried out but no processing activity is done but in private dairies all types of milk processing activities are carried out along with collection of milk.</list-item><list-item>Management of co-operative dairies found to be ineffective as compared to private dairies.</list-item><list-item>In case of co-operative dairies there is increase or decrease in quantity of milk, rejection of milk and spoilage of milk to a great extent but it was not found in case of private dairies.</list-item><list-item>Payment to the milk producers may not be made regularly in the co-operative dairy society but there is regularity in payment to milk producers in the private dairy.</list-item><list-item>Impartial attitude does not found in co-operative dairy society but it was exist in private dairy.</list-item><list-item>Rigid control of Government over co-operative dairy than private dairies.</list-item><list-item>Co-operative dairies rarely follow business principles but there is always existence of business principles in private dairies.</list-item><list-item>More political and government interference in case of co-operative dairy and less interference in case of private dairies.</list-item><list-item>There is certainty of payment of milk to milk producers in co-operative dairies but there is no such types of certainty of payment of milk to milk producers.</list-item><list-item>Formation of co-operative dairy society is not so difficult task as compared to private dairies.</list-item></list>Co-operative dairy societies play a vital role in production and marketing of milk in our country. In India, dairy was a rural based activity. It was an allied activity to agriculture. Of late, dairy has become an industrial activity. Dairy products are produced in urban centers and they are marketed throughout the country. It is export business also. Private sector enterprises and multinational companies have entered into this business at a massive scale in India. They are potential threats to Indian Milk Co-operative Societies. It is the right time to the milk co-operative societies to modernise their plants, bring value added products, expanding dealership network, adopt forward integration in their business activities and give scope for new products development to meet any challenges forthcoming from the private sector and multinationals in dairy industry.</sec></body><back><ack id="ack001"><title>Acknowledgements

JBVC

The Journal of Bombay Veterinary College

0971-1643

An Official Organ of Bombay Veterinary College Alumni Association

jbvc-13-1and2-037

SHORT COMMUNICATION

Comparative study of co-operative dairy and private dairies of Pune district

Jare

H M.

Lecturer

Hutatma Rajguru Mahavidyalaya, Rajgurunagar, Tal. Khed, Dist. Pune – 410 505, India.

6–122005

131 and 2108109

The dairy activity in India has emerged as a dynamic instrument in uplifting the socio-economic status of the rural people through the provision of employment and income generating opportunities. The dairy activity is an integral part of being an adjunct to agriculture and efforts are being made to promote dairying as an industry through co-operative and private enterprises. Most of the dairy plants especially those in the private sector mainly depend on contractors operating or commercial scale for the supply of raw milk. Quality of raw milk purchased through this source is sometimes extremely poor and not at all suitable for manufacturing milk products of desirable quality standards. This research is related comparison between cooperative dairies and private dairies in Pune district for various aspects.A total of 110 dairies have been selected for the purpose of study including 100 co-operative and 10 private dairies from of Haveli, Khed, Ambegaon and Junnar talukas in the Pune district for the period of 10 years i.e. from 1991 to 2000. For the purpose of collection of data questionnaires and schedules has been prepared for private and co-operative dairies. Field visit with co-operative and private dairies were also organised to observe the real position of the dairies. Interviews of dairymen, managers of private dairies, chairman and secretaries of co-operative dairies were also conducted for the purpose of data collection.The salient characteristics of marketing of milk and milk products by the private and co-operative dairies was found as inadequate milk supply, low commission to distributors/agents, regulated pricing, long product line, weak promotion and no marketing facilities to agents in co-operative dairies, whereas supply at one point but retailing all through the day, higher commission to distributors, open pricing, short product line, retain advertising and provides infrastructure credit to retailers in case of private dairies.It has been observed during the study that the private brand milk is available to the consumers throughout the day while the milk supplied by the co-operative dairies falls short in the morning itself. The private dairies supply milk at one time only in morning but in adequate quantity enabling the retailer to store for the entire day. The pricing of milk by the private dairies is followed on an open pricing basis and is sold by the retailer as per his own discretion according to the time and place. Higher charges in the odd hours are collected by the retailers on account of service charges towards refrigeration and handling. The survey of retailers showed that they prefer to sell the liquid milk supplied by the private dairies for the following reasons: guaranteed supply of milk, not cut in the supply of indented quantity, one day credit facility, low deposit amount, high margin as compared to co-operative dairies, low transit loss and good quality of crates, higher consumer demand and brand imageIt was also found the poly packs of milk are more attractive in private dairies containing all the information except the price. The private dairies also provide point of purchase publicity material to the retailer as a tool for promoting their/product. The co-operative dairy lacks in all these marketing approaches followed by the private dairies as given above and thus operates only on its long established brand image and loyalty. The private dairies concentrated on production and marketing of ghee as one of the principal milk products within and outside the state.During the period of field study it was also observed the basic difference between the co-operative dairies and the private dairies which is as under : <list list-type="order"><list-item>In co-operative dairy only milk collection activity is carried out but no processing activity is done but in private dairies all types of milk processing activities are carried out along with collection of milk.</list-item><list-item>Management of co-operative dairies found to be ineffective as compared to private dairies.</list-item><list-item>In case of co-operative dairies there is increase or decrease in quantity of milk, rejection of milk and spoilage of milk to a great extent but it was not found in case of private dairies.</list-item><list-item>Payment to the milk producers may not be made regularly in the co-operative dairy society but there is regularity in payment to milk producers in the private dairy.</list-item><list-item>Impartial attitude does not found in co-operative dairy society but it was exist in private dairy.</list-item><list-item>Rigid control of Government over co-operative dairy than private dairies.</list-item><list-item>Co-operative dairies rarely follow business principles but there is always existence of business principles in private dairies.</list-item><list-item>More political and government interference in case of co-operative dairy and less interference in case of private dairies.</list-item><list-item>There is certainty of payment of milk to milk producers in co-operative dairies but there is no such types of certainty of payment of milk to milk producers.</list-item><list-item>Formation of co-operative dairy society is not so difficult task as compared to private dairies.</list-item></list>Co-operative dairy societies play a vital role in production and marketing of milk in our country. In India, dairy was a rural based activity. It was an allied activity to agriculture. Of late, dairy has become an industrial activity. Dairy products are produced in urban centers and they are marketed throughout the country. It is export business also. Private sector enterprises and multinational companies have entered into this business at a massive scale in India. They are potential threats to Indian Milk Co-operative Societies. It is the right time to the milk co-operative societies to modernise their plants, bring value added products, expanding dealership network, adopt forward integration in their business activities and give scope for new products development to meet any challenges forthcoming from the private sector and multinationals in dairy industry.</sec></body><back><ack id="ack001"><title>Acknowledgements

The author acknowledge the U.G.C., New Delhi for allowing fellowship for two years under faculty development programme and also grateful to co-operative and private dairies for their whole-hearted co-operation in the research work. The present paper is a part of Ph.D. thesis of the author submitted to Pune University.

ReferencesDas

(2000). Yojana44(7): 34.Gurumoorthy

T.R.

(2000). The Tamilnadu J. of Co-operation1(2): 55–57.Hota

Sanjib Kumar

(2000). J. Rural Development48(11): 2.Indian Dairyman (1996) XLVIII (4): 66–67.Rajgopal

(1996). J. Co-op. Management31(3): 7–8.Shaha

(2000). Co-operativization, Liberalisation and Dairy Industry in India, ABD Publishers, Jaipur, India, pp. 147.