Sustainability of Hill Agriculture in North Eastern Himalaya: Evidence from Manipur, India

In India, rice farming is an important occupation and its sustainability is important for ensuring the livelihood of the country. This study examined economic, social and ecological sustainability at district level and found out the factors contributing to sustainability. It has estimated that in economic and social sustainability, 44% and 90% were moderately sustainable. Ecologically, 60% were highly sustainable. Per capita income (0.347), literacy level of women (0.442) and forest area covered (0.233) had maximum direct positive effect on economic, social and ecological, respectively. Hence, it can be stated that the state performed well ecologically which is due to better performance of hill districts.