Economics of Paddy Cultivation by Different Sowing Methods in Samba District of J&K

Water-wise crop production is gaining enormous attention due to looming water crises in the world. System of rice intensification (SRI) and Direct and seeded rice (DSR) is a promising method for water-saving rice cultivation; however, SRI method is more labor-intensive than the traditional method of rice production. Direct seeding (DSR), SRI and Broadcasting may be evaluated for potential benefits over TPR method. Transplanting after repeated puddling is the conventional method of rice growing which is not only intensive water user but also cumbersome and laborious. Different problems like lowering water table, scarcity of labour during peak periods, deteriorating soil health demands some alternative establishment method to sustain productivity of rice as well as natural resources. Direct seeding is becoming an important alternative of rice transplanting. During 2019, 2020 and 2021 efforts has been made for resource conservation in paddy by introducing DSR, SRI and Broadcasting method at the farmers’ fields of Samba district in Jammu & Kashmir. Tillage and crop establishment methods had a significant effect on rice yields. Total cost per hectare occurred in cultivation of paddy in SRI is Rs. 36881, in transplanting Rs. 32327, DSR it is Rs. 23899 and broadcasting Rs. 25375. The gross return per hectare of SRI was Rs. 133710, transplanting Rs. 97823, DSR Rs. 96255 and broadcasting Rs. 90910. The B:C ratio in SRI was (2.62), DSR (2.71), Broadcasting (2.58) and TPR (2.02). Major constraints in paddy cultivation were the lack of awareness regarding technologies and high input cost.