Hydro-chemical characterization and quality appraisal of groundwater using water quality index in district Jaipur, Rajasthan

The study aims to assess the hydro-chemistry of groundwater and its suitability for drinking purpose for district Jaipur. Gibb’s diagram shows that most of the cations and anions in groundwater have water – rock interaction dominance and some of the samples exhibit evaporation dominance. Piper’s diagram classification shows that majority of the samples belong to Na-HCO₃ and Na-Cl-SO₄ hydro-chemical facies. Analysis of WQI reveals that Majority of samples belong to excellent to good water type (13.78% and 45.41%, respectively). The water samples within poor quality, and very poor quality contributed 33.16 and 6.13 per cent of groundwater samples and can be used for drinking with some treatment and conventional disinfection, whereas Water “unsuitable for drinking purposes” covers only 1.53 per cent of groundwater samples could only be used for aquaculture, irrigation, and industrial purposes. The Spatial distribution map of water quality index shows that excellent quality found in the north-western part of the study area, due to high elevation area having less dissolution and infiltration, good water type identified in north, north-east and central part., poor and very poor water qualities were found in the south and south-west and water unsuitable for drinking purpose observed in block Dudu and Phagi, located in southern part of the study area.