Gender segregation in agriculture and homestead activities in Punjab

Agriculture serves as a keystone for global economic growth, with women playing a pivotal role in the sector. In India, women’s involvement in agriculture is multifaceted, exhibiting significant regional and socio-cultural variations. This study focuses on Punjab, India, a region deeply entrenched in gendered divisions, where men historically dominate fieldwork, while women engage in household activities. The perpetuation of these roles is influenced by cultural norms and societal expectations, limiting women’s participation in decision-making processes related to agriculture. The methodology involves data collection from two districts, Ludhiana and Jalandhar, with a sample of 240 female respondents. The socio-economic profile reveals diverse demographics, highlighting the dominance of men in land-related decisions and agricultural tasks. Gender-segregated participation in activities such as agriculture, off-farm activities, livestock management, kitchen gardening, and homestead activities underscores the unequal distribution of responsibilities. Results indicate that men dominate crucial aspects like field preparation and marketing, while women are predominantly engaged in off-farm activities, livestock management, kitchen gardening, and homestead tasks. Access and control over farm-related resources, such as credit, land, and fertilizers, predominantly favor men. The study contributes to the understanding of gender dynamics in agriculture, shedding light on the challenges faced by women in accessing essential resources. Addressing these disparities is crucial for promoting gender equality, enhancing women’s productivity, and ultimately contributing to global food security.