SWOT-analytic hierarchy process (AHP) of direct benefit transfer: A reference to the PM-Kisan scheme of India

Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) programs, such as the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN) scheme in India, have been adopted to streamline subsidy distribution and reduce corruption by transferring benefits directly to beneficiaries’ bank accounts. The PM-KISAN scheme, launched in February 2019, provides small and marginal farmers with an annual direct cash transfer of Rs. 6,000 in three installments, aiming to bolster farmer incomes. This study investigates the perceived strengths and limitations of PM-KISAN by collecting data from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, key regions with significant small and marginal landholdings. Utilizing SWOT analysis and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the study assessed the scheme’s operational effectiveness and identifies key factors influencing its success. Focus group discussions and pairwise comparisons were employed to rank SWOT factors and determine their relative importance. Findings from the study suggested that PM-KISAN should address issues such as credit constraints, poor infrastructure, and market volatility. The scheme should conduct regular surveys, adjust payments for inflation, include landless laborers and sharecroppers, and improve digital literacy among farmers. The combined SWOT-AHP approach provided valuable insights for policy implications which could refine the PM-KISAN scheme and improve its efficacy on farmers.