Effect of Wheat Establishment and Rice Residue Management Methods along with Vagaries of Weather on Wheat in District Ferozepur of Punjab

Punjab Agricultural University Farm Advisory Service Centre Ferozepur conducted a study on effect of different methods of management of rice residue on grain yield and income of wheat crop. The data were collected from selected farmers on wheat cultivation practices, grain yield, lodging, frost injury and economics under different methods of rice residue management. Farmers applied higher dose of urea per hectare than the recommended dose of 225 kg ha^-1 in different rice residue management and wheat establishment methods. Slightly higher dose of DAP was applied than the recommended dose of 137.5 kg ha^-1 in conventional and zero tillage methods. Farmers foliarly sprayed their wheat crop with 0.5% manganese sulphate, once or twice. They unnecessarily applied bentonite sulphur to their wheat crop. They applied two or more herbicides in combination. However, they did not use herbicides in surface seeding method. Maximum lodging (91%) was recorded in conventional method of wheat sowing. Frost injury was observed only in surface seeding and happy seeder methods. Higher grain yield (53.1 q ha^-1), net return (87410 Rs ha^-1), and B: C ratio (4.4) was recorded under surface seeding method.