Clinical evaluation of ketamine with romifidine and diazepam, for total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) in dromedary camel

In this study a safe anaesthetic combination of ketamine-romifidine-diazepam required to efficiently maintain anaesthesia by constant rate infusion (CRI) in 8 camels undergoing various clinical surgery was evaluated. All patient were premedicated with romifidine at 60 μg kg⁻¹ administered intravenously (IV). Anaesthesia was induced with IV ketamine 0.8 mg kg⁻¹ and diazepam 0.1 mg kg⁻¹. Anaesthesia was maintained with CRI of ketamine 3.2 mg kg⁻¹ hour⁻¹, diazepam 0.3 mg kg⁻¹ hour⁻¹, and romifidine 180 μg kg⁻¹ hour⁻¹. Mean anaesthetic time was 63.8 ± 19.2 minutes, and recovery time was 38.3 ± 6.1 minutes. Changes in heart rate, blood pressure and respiratory rate were evaluated. The quality of anaesthesia was regarded as good and adequate for the surgical procedures in all studied cases.