Normal Ocular Ultrasonographic Biometry and Fundus Imaging of Indian Camel (Camelus dromedarius)

The present study was aimed to document the normal measurements of different ocular components of eight adult live Indian camels (Camelus dromedarius) of either sex using B-mode ultrasonography and normal ocular fundus using fundus imaging camera. In all animals, corneal anesthesia was achieved by instilling Proparacaine HCl 0.5% directly on the cornea. Ultrasonographic scanning of eyes was done in sternal recumbency with linear transducer (12–18 MHz) by transcorneal approach. Anterior chamber depth was 0.48+0.006 cm, while vitreous depth was 1.74+0.02 cm. Anterio-posterior depth of lens and Latero-medial diameter of lens were 1.05+0.008 cm and 1.92+0.01 cm, respectively. Globe axial length was 3.29+0.03 cm. Camel eye was aspherical and no significant difference was observed in all the parameters of right and left eyes. Before funduscopy, the pupils were dilated with a short-acting mydriatic such as 1% tropicamide prior to examination. In camels, fundus examination was somewhat cumbersome. The vascular pattern was holangiotic and was similar to other ruminants. Unlike bovines, tapetal non-tapetal differentiation was not clear and sometimes in a single fundus with islands of pigmented and non-pigmented areas could be observed. They usually have a prominent Bergmeister's papilla, which is the posterior remnant of the hyaloid artery.