Applied anatomy of the maxillofacial and mandibular regions of the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius)

The study involved some osteometric parameters of the upper jaw and mandible of 6 apparently healthy adult camels without any apparent skeletal disorders. A total of 21 head measurements and indices were recorded in the present study. The supraorbital foramina distance, infraorbital foramina distance, skull length, skull width, cranial length, nasal length and skull width of the Indian one-humped dromedary camel were 6.35±0.047 cm, 8.41±0.076 cm, 48.75±0.244 cm, 22.66±0.108 cm, 32.73±0.484 cm and 16.89±0.283 cm, respectively. The skull index was 46.51±0.29. In addition, the distances from facial tuberosity to the infra-orbital canal and from the latter to root of the 1^st upper premolar tooth were 2.91±0.068 cm and 3.21±0.078 cm, respectively. The length and height of the mandible were 42.98±0.624 cm and 22.58±0.287 cm, respectively. Furthermore, the distances from the lateral alveolar root to mental foramen and from the mental foramen to caudal mandibular border were 9.22±0.059 cm and 32.12±0.165 cm, respectively. In the present study, the distances from mandibular foramen to the base of mandible as well as from caudal border of mandible to below the mandibular foramen were 8.84±0.085 cm and 6.32±0.048 cm, respectively. Also, the distances from the base of mandible to condyloid fossa and from the latter to the maximum height of mandible were 18.38±0.15 cm and 4.175±0.046 cm, respectively. Finally, the distance from caudal border of mandible to mandibular foramen and from the latter to mandibular angle were 5.88±0.055 cm and 8.29±0.079 cm, respectively.