Journal of Camel Practice and Research

SCOPUS
  • Year: 2025
  • Volume: 32
  • Issue: 3

Target-Centric Approaches for Camel Milk Adulteration Detection: A Review of Protein, Metabolite and Gene Based Analytical Strategies

  • Author:
  • Qin Na1, Letian Kang1, Na Su1, Liang Ming1, Li Yi1, Jing He1, Rendalai Si1, Tuyatsetseg Jambal2, Rimutu Ji1,3,*
  • Total Page Count: 12
  • Published Online: Jan 13, 2026
  • Page Number: 253 to 264

1Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, Inner Mongolia, China

2The China-Mongolia “Belt and Road” Joint Laboratory for the Application of Biopolymers, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

3Inner Mongolia China-Kazakhstan Camel Research Institute, Alxa, 737300, Inner Mongolia, China

Abstract

Milk fraud is a critical challenge for food safety and the dairy industry. To ensure product authenticity, various detection technologies have been developed and implemented. These methods cover key analytical targets such as proteins, lipids, small molecule metabolites, aromatic compounds and DNA and incorporate detection techniques such as chromatography, spectroscopy, immunology and biosensors. This review article presents an in depth analysis of advances in the field of camel milk authenticity verification studies. This analysis focuses on the evolution of methods for detecting adulteration, taking into account various target components. In addition, the article explores the technological development of detection techniques, highlighting their applicability in a variety of scenarios. The main objective of this study was to provide technical support to promote the sustainable development of the camel milk industry.

Keywords

Adulteration Detection, Biosensors, Camel Milk, Chromatography, ELISA, Infrared, Raman Spectroscopy, Isothermal Amplification, Mass Spectrometry, Nucleic Acid Sensing Technology, Omics Techniques, PCR