Role of Mushroom in the bioremediation of heavy metals and biodegradation of dyes

Mushroom is multicellular, heterotrophic and achlorophyhous species that belongs to Basidiomycetes family and mycota kingdom. The present review paper discusses about bioremediation of heavy metals and biodegradation with mushroom diversity. The edible mushroom Lactarus deliciosus, Russula delica, Hizopogon roseolus are known to dissociate Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn. Agaricus bisporus assimilates heavy metals like Cr, Cu, Cd and Zn whereas, Pulveroboletus amarellus absorbs Zn metal. Agaricus macrospores accumulate Cd metal. Pleurotus ostreatus absorbs more heavy metals like Cd, Hg, Zn and Cu. Volvariella volvaceace accumulates more Cu and Zn metal. Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Trametes versicolor can degrade wide variety of dyes like Azo dyes, heterocyclic dyes and other polymeric dyes. Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Trametes versicolor can degrade wide variety of dyes like Azo dyes, heterocyclic dyes and other polymeric dyes. Ganoderma lucidum extracted from hardwood stump is reported to degrade polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH's) of penanthrene and pyrene. Phanerochaete chrysosporium degrades organic molecules polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH's), polychlorinated biphenyls dioxins, chlorophenols, chlorolignins, nitro cranditics and different pesticides like lindane, Atrazine, BTEX. Pleurotus florida, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleorotus sajarcaju. The Pleurotus florida and Pleurotus sajorcaju are effective for degradation of bromophenol blue, brilliant green and methylated dye. Pleurotus pulmonaris BPSM 10 strain which degrades azo and triphenyl methane dyes like Napthol Blue Black, Orange G, Malachite green, Victoria Blue B, Phenol red, Congo red and comassive brilliant blue. The technology improves industrial degradation & remediation efficiency, prevents natural pollution and maintains ecosystems.