Effect of emulsifiers and solvents on the bioefficacy of endosulfan against the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma chilonis Ishi

Emulsifiable concentrate formulations of endosulfan, prepared separately with two solvents, viz., benzene and acetone and three emulsifiers, viz., Creslox-3403, Hyoxyd X-200 and Quat-2C, were evaluated as contact poison agdnst the pupal stages of Trichogramma chilonis Ishi. When the formulations were prepared with benzene as solvent, the emulsifiers did not significantly change the toxlcity of endosulfan. Formulation with Quat-2C + acetone was significantly more toxic vis-a-vis Creslox-3403 + acetone. Among the two solvents, benzene significantly enhanced the toxicity of endosulfan with Creslox-3403 as compared to acetone. Formulations prepared separately with benzene and each of the three emulsiflers were more toxic as compared to those with acetone and corresponding emulsifiers.