Department of Entomology, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara - 144001, Punjab, India
*Corresponding author's present address: Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, Solan - 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India, E-mail : ravindernath131963@gmail.com
Neonicotinoids have been reported to be detrimental to the bees as well as other pollinators world over and many countries have taken steps to either restrict their use or stop the use. Imidacloprid was highly toxic in fructose followed by glucose, sucrose and ordinary sugar. LC50 of the insecticide was calculated to be 0.0009% (LD50 = 45 ng/bee) in ordinary commercial sugar, sucrose and glucose and 0.0005% (LD50 = 25 ng/bee in fructose in 65% syrup concentration. In 35% sugar solutions the LC50 of Imidacloprid was 0.0010, 0.0005, 0.0005 and 0.0004% in ordinary sugar, sucrose, glucose and fructose, respectively (LD50 = 50 ng, 25 ng, 25 ng and 20 ng/bee, respectively. The insecticide was found to be highly toxic in 10% syrups of the tested sugars (LC50 = 0.0004, 0.0002, 0.0002 and 0.0001%; LD50 = 20 ng, 10 ng, 10 ng and 5 ng/bee, respectively.
Fructose, Glucose, Imidacloprid, LC50, LD50, Neonicotinoids, Ordinary commercial sugar, Sucrose
