Biological control agents in agriculture: assessing their potential as vectors for human pathogens

This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the potential for biological control agents (BCAs) to transmit human pathogens and explores associated risks and mitigation strategies. By synthesizing current knowledge, we highlight the intricate interactions between BCAs, pests, crops, and humans within agricultural systems, elucidating pathways for pathogen transmission. Key factors contributing to the potential risk include environmental persistence, host specificity, crop contamination, and worker exposure. Effective risk assessment requires consideration of pathogen compatibility, exposure pathways, environmental fate, and human health impacts. Mitigation strategies encompass strain selection, integrated pest management, hygiene practices, and regulatory oversight. Addressing these challenges necessitates collaboration among researchers, regulators, and agricultural stakeholders to ensure the safe and sustainable use of BCAs in agriculture.