Effect of row ratio and fertility levels on growth, productivity, competition and economics in chickpea + fennel intercropping system under scarce moisture condition

Afield experiment was carried out during two consecutive winter (rabi) seasons of 2007–08 and 2008–09 at Kanpur to find out the suitable row ratio of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare L.) in intercropping system under varying fertility levels in scarce moisture condition. Intercropping reduced the seed yield of chickpea by 48% compared to the sole crop. However, chickpea equivalent yield (1,699 kg/ha), net returns (Rs. 20,275 per ha) and cost: benefit ratio (2.12) were higher with chickpea + fennel (1:1) intercropping system over the corresponding values of 1,572 kg/ha, Rs. 1,7243 per ha and 1.95, respectively with sole chickpea. On the basis of landequivalent ratio (1.06) and relative crowding coefficient (1.34), maximum advantage from the intercropping of chickpea + fennel was obtained when sown in 1:1 row ratio. Results further revealed that chickpea-equivalent yield, net returns and moisture use efficiency were maximized significantly at 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (20:60:20 kg NPK/ha) over 50% recommended dose of fertilizer but at par with 150% recommended dose of fertilizer. It may be concluded that chickpea + fennel with 1:1 row ratio under 100% recommended dose of fertilizer proved to be highly productive, profitable and biologically efficient intercropping system.