Induction of defense enzymes by non-conventional chemicals and bioagents against Fusarium-wilt of chickpea

The efficacy of non-conventional chemicals and bioagents was tested for induction of systemic resistance against wilt of chickpea caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri. The wilting per cent in resistant cultivar (SAKI-9516) is comparatively less than susceptible cultivar (Chaffa) during different days interval. Minimum wilting (5.56%) in resistant cultivar was observed treated with T. viride @ 4 g/kg seed and P. fluorescens Pf1@10 g/kg seed treatment and 31.1% in susceptible cultivar when seeds treated with Thirum + Carbendazim (2:1) g/kg soil. Levels of total soluble protein in all induction treatments of nonconventional chemicals and bioagents, increased with increasing time of pathogen infection of F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri in both susceptible and resistant cultivars. Also, the protein content in susceptible cultivar is comparatively less than resistant cultivars in each treatment. The accumulation of phenols and activities of peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and chitinase in resistant cultivar at 14, 28 and 42 DAS is comparatively more than susceptible cultivar and increases from 14 to 28 DAS due to different treatments challenge inoculated with F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri. Whereas, minimum phenolic content and peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and chitinase activities was observed in the absolute control treatment (without chemical treatment and challenge inoculation).