Epidemiological Characteristics And Trends Of Suicidal Deaths In Autopsied Cases: A Retrospective Study From A Tertiary Centre

Suicide is a major public health challenge worldwide, with India contributing substantially to the global burden. Between 1990 and 2010, suicides increased globally by 32%, and in 2022 India reported over170,000 cases, marking a 4.2% rise from the previous year. This study aimed to analyze the socio-demographic profile of suicidal deaths autopsied at a tertiary care centre, assess the distribution and methods of suicide with particular emphasis on hanging and poisoning, and identify contributory factors influencing these deaths.

A retrospective descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, from January 2023 to December 2024. Out of 348 medico-legal autopsies, 61 confirmed suicide cases with complete records were included. Data were collected from post-mortem reports, police inquest papers, and hospital records. Demographic variables and methods of suicide were documented. Analysis was performed using SPSS v24.0, with Chi-square test applied to assess associations (p < 0.05 considered Significant).

Of 61 suicide cases, 72.1% were males and 32.8% females. The highest proportion was aged 25-34 years (31.1%) followed by 15-24 years. Most victims were from below poverty line families (72.1%) and had only primary or middle school education. Poisoning was the most common method (83.6%), followed by hanging (16.4%). Statistically significant associations were not observed with age, sex, and education and economic status.

Young adult males from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds were most affected. Poisoning predominated, highlighting the need for targeted mental health interventions, awareness programs, and stricter pesticide regulation.